Abstract
Introduction: TP53 gene mutations (m TP53), found in up to 20% of MDS or AML pts and 30-40% of therapy-related (TR) MDS/AML cases, represent a distinct molecular cohort with poor outcomes. Hypomethylating agents (HMA) are the frontline standard of care, with CR rates of ~20% and median OS of < 12 months. APR-246 is a novel, first-in-class small molecule that reactivates the mutant p53 protein and targets cellular redox balance, ultimately inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in m TP53 cancer cells. We previously reported the Phase 2 results of 2 parallel trials of APR-246+AZA (Sallman et al and Cluzeau et al., JCO 2021). We now report analyses of the combined Phase 2 cohorts and long-term follow-up.
Methods: This is a multicenter, international collaboration of the US MDS clinical research consortium and the GFM of HMA-naïve m TP53 higher-risk MDS, MDS/MPN and oligoblastic AML (≤ 30% blasts) pts (NCT03072043/NCT03588078). Pts received APR-246 4500mg IV (days 1-4) + AZA 75 mg/m 2 SC/IV x 7 days (days 4-10 or 4-5 and 8-12) in 28-day cycles. Primary objective was CR rate by International Working Group (IWG) 2006 criteria. Secondary objectives included ORR, OS, outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT), with serial high depth next generation sequencing (NGS, 0.1% cutoff) for evaluation of measurable residual disease (MRD).
Results: As of July 15, 2021, 100 pts had been enrolled with a median age of 68 years (range, 34-87; 47% male). By WHO, 74 pts had MDS, 22 AML-MRC and 4 CMML/MDS-MPN; 83% complex karyotype (CK) and 88% were CK and/or biallelic for TP53 mutations; 92% had a TP53 missense mutation in the DNA binding domain. In 63 pts, TP53 was the only mutation detected (i.e. isolated m TP53). Median time on treatment was 6 cycles (1-25+) with 5 pts ongoing and 23 pts who proceeded to allo-HSCT. Non-hematologic treatment (Tx)-related adverse events (AEs) in ≥20% of pts included nausea/vomiting (58%), ataxia (26%), and dizziness (23%). Neurologic AEs were reversible in 100% of cases. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 37% of pts. Thirty and 60-day mortality was 1% (n=1) and 7% (n=7), respectively. Dose reductions of APR-246 and AZA occurred in 16% and 1% of pts, respectively, with only 1 treatment discontinuation due to a treatment-related AE.
By intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, ORR by IWG was 69% with 43 CR, 1 PR, 10 marrow CR (mCR)+HI, 9 HI alone, and 6 with mCR. Of non-responders, 6 had stable disease and 7 pts had progressive disease. The median duration of CR/PR was 10.6 months (95% CI 8.8-12.3, 23+ months ongoing). CR/PR rate for MDS was 49% (36/74), 36% for AML (8/22) and 0% for MDS/MPN (0/4) with an ORR rate of 70%/64%/75%, respectively. Isolated m TP53 was predictive for a higher CR rate (52% vs 30%; P=.04). Patients who had biallelic TP53 or CK had a significantly higher CR rate vs pts without (49% vs 8%; P=0.01).
On serial TP53 NGS using a VAF cutoff of 5%, 40 pts achieved NGS negativity with 6 pts MRD negative (VAF < 0.1%). Of NGS negative pts (TP53 VAF <5%), best response was CR/PR in 78% (n=31), mCR+HI in 15% (n=6), mCR in 5% (n=2) and HI in 3% (n=1). The median # of cycles in NGS negative and positive pts was 10 and 4, respectively (P<0.0001). All MRD negative pts received at least 5 cycles of therapy (5-15).
At data-cutoff by ITT analysis with a median follow up of 27.8 months, median OS was 11.8 months (95% CI 9.4-14.3). Pts undergoing allo-HSCT had a median OS of 16.1 months (95% CI 14-18.1). Impact of response and NGS clearance was evaluated by landmark analysis at 6 months. Pts achieving CR/PR or NGS negativity had improved OS (15.8 vs 10.1 months; P=0.002; Fig 1A). Additionally, pts who became MRD negative had a 2-year OS of 50% vs 23% (P=0.21). Although allo-HSCT was not predictive of OS in the overall cohort by landmark analysis (14.7 vs 14.4 months; P=0.15; Fig 1B), significant OS improvement was noted in allo-HSCT pts based on CR/PR or NGS negativity (P=0.002; Fig 1C). Notably, pts who achieved CR/PR/NGS negativity and were bridged to allo-HSCT had a median OS that was not reached (95% CI 10.4-NR) vs 9.1 months (95% CI 7.4-NR) in allo-HSCT pts who did not achieve this response (P=0.01).
Conclusions: In this international, combined analysis of P2 APR-246+AZA pts, the combination was well-tolerated with high response rates in m TP53 MDS/AML. Quality of response and NGS negativity strongly predicted OS, particularly in the setting of allo-HSCT, validating NGS clearance as a critical biomarker of allo-HSCT outcomes in m TP53 pts.
Sallman: Intellia: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Aprea: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Magenta: Consultancy; Shattuck Labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syndax: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Speakers Bureau; Agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Komrokji: BMS: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; JAZZ: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria; Geron: Honoraria; Acceleron: Honoraria; Agios: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. DeZern: Taiho: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Sebert: BMS: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy. Steensma: Novartis: Current Employment. Roboz: Astellas: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Glaxo SmithKline: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Helsinn: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Jasper Therapeutics: Consultancy; MEI Pharma - IDMC Chair: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Mesoblast: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Astex: Consultancy; Actinium: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy. Sekeres: BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda/Millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Sweet: Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AROG: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kuykendall: Incyte: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Prelude: Research Funding; PharmaEssentia: Honoraria; CTI Biopharma: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BluePrint Medicines: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria; Protagonist: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Recher: Agios: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; MaatPharma: Research Funding; Macrogenics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Raffoux: ASTELLAS: Consultancy; ABBVIE: Consultancy; PFIZER: Consultancy; CELGENE/BMS: Consultancy. Padron: Incyte: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Blueprint: Honoraria; Kura: Research Funding; Taiho: Honoraria; Stemline: Honoraria. Attar: Aprea Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Kantarjian: Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; KAHR Medical Ltd: Honoraria; BMS: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas Health: Honoraria; Jazz: Research Funding; Aptitude Health: Honoraria; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; Ipsen Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; NOVA Research: Honoraria; Precision Biosciences: Honoraria; Immunogen: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; Taiho Pharmaceutical Canada: Honoraria. List: Precision BioSciences: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Aileron Therapeutics: Consultancy; CTI Biosciences: Consultancy; Halia Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company. Ades: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; JAZZ: Honoraria. Lancet: BerGenBio: Consultancy; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy; Millenium Pharma/Takeda: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; ElevateBio Management: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy. Fenaux: Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; JAZZ: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Syros Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.
